Academic Staff

Selected Research Publications

• 2021; Barnes, N., Poets, D. and Stephenson, Jr., M. O. (eds) (2021) Maré from the Inside: Art, Culture and Politics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/mare; online virtual exhibition can be seen here: https://exhibits.lib.vt.edu/mare-from-the-inside/index.html
• 2021; “The Logic of Criminal Territorial Control: Military Intervention in Rio de Janeiro.” Comparative Political Studies (OnlineFirst). Supplementary appendix can be found here.
• 2021; “The Global Comparative Study of Gangs and Other Non-State Armed Groups.” In E. Erez & P. Ibarra (Eds.). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press.
• 2020; “Criminal Violence in Latin America,” Latin American Research Review 55(2): 397-406. Co-authored with Juan Albarracín.
• 2017; “Criminal Politics: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Organized Crime, Politics, and Violence.” Perspectives on Politics 15(4): 967-987.
• 2016; “Crime and plural orders in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.” Current Sociology 65(3): 448-465. Co-authored with Enrique Desmond Arias.
• 2018; “Life in a War Zone: Putting the military in control of Rio de Janeiro’s policing threatens Brazilian democracy,” US News & World Report. Published online February 23.
• 2016; “Mobilization in the Wake of Rio’s Olympics,” Mobilizing Ideas. Published online August 28.
• 2014; “With Brazil in Spotlight, Rio’s Favela Pacification Program at a Crossroads,” World Politics Review. Published online June 9. 
• 2014; “Rio de Janeiro’s BOPE and Police Pacification: Fear and Intimidation in Complexo da Maré,” Anthropoliteia. Published online June 6.
• 2013; “The Rio Protests: Who, What, Why and Will They Matter?” The Monkey Cage. Published online June 28.

Research Interests

• The intersection of criminal and political violence
• The origins and evolution of organized criminal groups
• Criminal governance
• Police militarization in Brazil/Latin America
• Ethnography and the ethics of fieldwork
• Visual arts and community change

Selected Research Publications

• Forthcoming: ‘Forests of Refuge: Decolonizing Environmental Governance in the Amazonian Guiana Shield’, Forthcoming with University of California Press, Spring 2024
• 2022: Collins, Y. A. (2022). The extractive embrace: shifting expectations of conservation and extraction in the Guiana Shield. Environmental Politics, 31(4), 706-728.
• 2023: Collins, Y. A. (2023). Racing climate change in Guyana and Suriname. Politics, 43(2), 186-200.
• 2022: Collins, Y. A. (2022). Guyana in the Eye of the Storm in 2021: Convergence, Stasis and Reverberation. Revista de Ciencia Política, 42(2).

Research Interests

• Climate Change
• International Environmental Policy and Governance
• Voluminous Environments and Atmospheres
• Latin America and the Caribbean
• Colonial Histories
• Qualitative Research Methods

Selected Research Publications

• The Safety Paradox: Unknown Knowns, Ungrieved Grief and Collective Agreements not to Know,’ with Nicola Mackay, International Relations (2023). 

• Perspective Chapter: Experiments in Entangled Time, in: Oliver K. Baker, ed. Quantum Entanglement and High Energy Physics, IntechOpen (2023). 

• Those Who Left/Are Left Behind: Schrodinger’s Refugee and the Ethics of Complementarity,’ with Nicola Mackay, Global Studies Quarterly (2022). 

• Snapshots from Home: Mind, Action and Strategy in an Uncertain World.. Bristol Studies in International Theory, 2022. 

• To ‘See’ is to Break an Entanglement: Quantum Measurement, Trauma and Security, with Nicola Mackay, for special issue on Quantizing IR, edited by James DerDerian and Alexander Wendt, Security Dialogue (2020). 

Funded Research

 ‘Mapping the Empire: The Contemporary Legacy of Historical Trauma and Forced Displacement,’ July 2020- December 2023 (£343,928), funded by the Human Family Unity Foundation 

Research Interests

• Historical Trauma 
• Memory and Political Violence 
• Emotions and Empire
• Quantum Social Theory and Asian Philosophy
• Constructivism

Selected Research Publications

• 2023 (forthcoming): ‘Entry, access, bans and returns. Reflections on positionality in field research on Central Asia’s ethnic minorities’. In Nasir Uddin and Alak Paul, eds., Palgrave Handbook of Social Fieldwork, Sage. (2023 forthcoming).   
• 2022: Development aid and domestic regional inequality: the case of Myanmar. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2022 (with Achim Kemmerling).
• 2022: Krym. Rossiya…Navsegda? Critical Junctures, Critical Antecedents, and the Paths Not Taken in the Making of Crimea’s Annexation. Nationalities Papers, 2022 (with Margaryta Rymarenko).
• 2022: Myanmar’s Mulsim communities unbound: the Rohingya and beyond. In Nasir Uddibn, eds, The Rohingya crisis: human rights issues, policy issues and burdeen sharing, Sage.
• 2022: The post-Soviet Koreans. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, 2022.
• 2022: The next swing of the pendulum? Cross-border aid and shifting aid paradigms in post-coup Myanmar. EUI RSC PP, 08, 2022

Research Interests

• Arts and conflict transformation
• Social movements and resistance under authoritarian rule
• Ethnic minorities and mobilisation
• Development aid
• Higher education and peace-building
• Central Asia and the South Caucasus
• Southeast Asia (especially Myanmar, Laos, Bangladesh)    

Selected Publications

• Saferworld, “The Caucasus: Armed and Divided – Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation and humanitarian consequences in the Caucasus”, Report Conclusion, “An opportunity for progress,” April 2003.
• Saferworld, “Tackling small arms and light weapons proliferation in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia: the view from Government,” October 2003.
• Scotsman, “Westminster trouble over Scots and EU polls,” 7 February 2013.
• Herald, “Prime Minister has not made the case for war, bombing could pro-long the conflict,” 29 November 2015.
• Herald, “The EU has an impact on us all,” 7 February 2016.
• The National, “Russia is big – it’s what a Common EU Foreign Policy was built for,” 31 May 2016.
• The iPaper, “Scotland will do all it can to stay in the EU,” 24 June 2016.
• The European Parliament Magazine, “Scotland seeks a Life Raft in Brexit’s stormy seas,” 17 February 2017.
• The European Parliament Magazine, “Can Scotland act as a bridge between the UK and EU?” 21 March 2017.
• The Times, “Let’s celebrate the 60^th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome,” 21 March 2017.
• The National, “Scotland’s MPs can work together to ensure our place in the Single Market,” 7 August 2017. 
• The Observer, “MPs need to take a new approach over Brexit – an argument for consensus in politics,” 10 September 2017.
• The Times, “If Northern Ireland can have a Special status then so can Scotland,” 7 December 2017.
• The National, “As we mark St Andrews day let’s unlock Scotland’s foreign policy potential,” 2 December 2018.
• Hansard, Stephen Gethins’ Debate on Scotland’s Foreign Policy Footprint, 3 December 2018.
• The National, “An Independent Scotland will be a Bridge to Europe for what is left of the UK,” 2 June 2019.
• The House Magazine, “UK Arms export guidelines are not working,” 24 June 2019.
• The Sunday Post, “All the promises of the Brexiteers have turned to dust,” 8 September 2019.
• Scotsman, “Here’s how you can say no to Boris and yes to Europe,” 16 July 2019.
• The House Magazine, “We must bring British children trapped in Syrian camps home before it is too late,” 28 October 2019.
• The National, “How Scotland can honour the legacy of heroic nurses like Louisa Jordan,” 21 April 2020.
• The National, “Why is Scotland not using its clout on the Global Stage?” 28 April 2020.
• Book: ‘Nation to Nation: Scotland’s Place in the World‘, 2021

Research Interests

• Scotland’s foreign policy footprint and its role in conflict resolution
• The role of devolution in peacebuilding
• Political decision making processes in foreign policy

Biography

Prior to arriving at St. Andrews as a Visiting Fellow Lindsay served as a Magistrate in the United States and as an Adjunct Professor and Director of the Consensus Project at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.  He is the managing principal of Neutral Advocacy, a mediation and conflict resolution consultancy firm.  He has served as an international faculty member for the International Dispute Resolution Institute, based in Abuja, Nigeria, since 2016.  In 2017 Lindsay was recognized with the honorary title of “Peacemaker” bestowed upon him by Emory University, the Carter Center, and the United States Peace Institute.

Selected Research Publications

• “Structural Social Exclusion and Development of Uniform Measures of Race and Poverty Intersection”, page 35, Durban Plus One: Opportunities and Challenges for Racial and Ethnic Inclusion in Development, Office of Diversity Programs & The Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Unit, World Bank (June 2003). http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/794831468763472109/Durban-plus-one-opportunities-and-challenges-for-racial-and-ethnic-inclusion-in-development

Research Interests

During the term of his visiting fellowship at St. Andrews Lindsay intends to undertake a writing project based on his qualitative insight from over 30 years of praxis engagement as a practitioner in conflict resolution guided by a framework model, which he first published in 2003 as a member of a university affiliated think tank.  Lindsay’s writing will focus on the utility of transformative mediation toward promoting sustainable modern multicultural society.  In this context, Lindsay will examine the limitations of the rule of law to preserve socioeconomic stability, the comparative utilities of established mediation approaches and their ethical issues, and the becoming of transformative peacemakers.

Selected Research Publications

• 2020; Krystalli Roxani, “When humans become data.” Companion on Field Research in Peace and Conflict Studies, edited by Roger Mac Ginty, Birte Vogel, and Roddy Brett. Palgrave MacMillan (forthcoming)
• 2020; Krystalli, Roxani. “The politics of noticing.” Reflections on the Sydney Symposium on Gender, (In)Security, and Temporalities of Violence.
• 2020; Krystalli, Roxani and Cynthia Enloe. “Doing Feminism.” International Feminist Journal of Politics
• 2019; Krystalli, Roxani. “Narrating violence: Feminist dilemmas and approaches.” The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Violence, edited by Laura J. Shepherd. Edwin Edgar Publishing
• 2019; Krystalli, Roxani. A review of Rethinking Silence, Voice, and Agency in Contested Gendered Terrains, edited by Jane Parpart and Swati Parashar. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 2019
• 2018; Krystalli, Roxani, Allyson Hawkins, Kim Wilson. “‘I followed the flood’: A gender analysis of the moral and financial economies of forced migration.” Disasters 42 (2018): S17-S39

Research Interests

• Feminist approaches to peacebuilding
• Field research methods and ethics
• Hierarchies of victimhood 
• The politics of nature and place in the study of violence
• Critical humanitarianism

Selected Research Publications

• 2022; ‘“What Is the Benefit of this Project?” Representation and Participation in Research on Conflict-affected Youth,’
• 
  Conflict, Security & Development, 22(5), 517–541.
• 2022; ‘Hustling, Cycling, Peacebuilding: Narrating Reintegration through Livelihood in Liberia,’ Review of International Studies, 48(1), 67–90.
• 2021; ‘Decent and Indecent Exposures: Naked Veterans and Militarized (Counter-)Violences after War,’ International Feminist Journal of Politics, 23(1), 27–57.
• 2019; Liberia: Legacies of Peace. Documentary film series.
• 2013; Ex-combatants and the Post-conflict State: Challenges of Reintegration, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan (Rethinking Political Violence Series).

Research Interests

• Ex-combatant disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
• Veterans’ politics and post-war welfare policy
• Youth livelihood, social movements, and political participation
• Resistance and protest movements after war
• Documentary filmmaking and peace research
• Qualitative research methods, field research, and ethics in vulnerable settings

Selected Research Publications

• 2023: Mills (2023) ‘NGOs and the Responsibility to Protect,’ in Bertrand Ramcharan, Rachel Brett, Anne-Marie Clark, and Penny Parker, eds., The Protection Roles of Human Rights NGOs, Leiden: Brill-Nijhoff.
• 2022: Loescher and K. Mills (2022) ‘Human Rights and Forced Migration,’ in M. Goodhart, ed. Human Rights: Theory and Practice, 4^thed., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• 2020: Mills (2020) International Responses to Mass Atrocities in Africa: Responsibility to Protect, Prosecute and Palliate. London: University of London Press.
• 2020: Mills and R. Payne (2020) ‘America First and the Human Rights Regime’ Journal of Human Rights19 (4): 399-424.
• 2018: Mills and A. Bloomfield (2018) ‘African Resistance to the International Criminal Court: Halting the advance of the anti-impunity norm’ Review of International Studies44 (1): 101-127.
• 2018: Mills and M. Labonte, eds. (2018) Accessing and Implementing Human Rights and Justice. Abingdon: Routledge.
• 2018: Labonte and K. Mills, eds. (2018) Human Rights and Justice: Philosophical, Economic, and Social Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge.

Research Interests

• Humanitarianism
• International Criminal Justice
• Humanitarian Intervention
• Global Governance

Selected Research Publications

• Forthcoming 2023; “‘These uniforms have been places.’ From combat to paper to exchange: a CMS research encounter” in Alice Cree (ed.) Creative Methods in Military Studies, Chapter 5. (Rowman & Littlefield.)
• Forthcoming; “Messy Security: Aesthetics, Disorientation, Discomfort” (with Caron Gentry)Critical Studies on Security
• Forthcoming 2023; Post-9/11 US Cultural Diplomacy: The Impossibility of Cosmopolitanism, Routledge New International Relations Book Series (London: Routledge)
• 2023; “Facing Torture through Art and the Afterlives of War: Behind the Mask” in Contesting Torture: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (eds. R. Cox, F. Donnelly & A. Lang, Jr.), Routledge, pp. 139-164
• 2022; “Unravelling the threads of war and conflict: Introduction” (with L.C. Cole) Contemporary Voices: St Andrews Journal of International Relations, 3(1): 1–6 (Open Access) 
• 2022; “International Relations and/as Thread-work: A Dialogue on Threads, War, and Conflict” (with S.S. Jamalullail, R. Bacic, & L.C. Cole) Contemporary Voices: St Andrews Journal of International Relations, 3(1): 7-23 (Open Access) 
• 2021; “Personal photographic encounters of/with the pandemic’s pathological politics” Critical Studies on Security, , 9(2): 155-168 (Open Access)
• 2021; “Managing Uncertainty: the everyday global politics of post-9/11 US cultural diplomacy” in Pawel Surowiec & Ilan Manor (eds.),Public Diplomacy and the Politics of Uncertainty, pp. 277-303(Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy, 2021)
• 2020;Empire, emotion, exchange: (dis)orienting encounters of/with post-9/11 US cultural diplomacy. Cultural Studies (2020) 34(5): 763-788.

Research Interests

• Everyday life and global politics
• Cultural and public diplomacy
• Critical military studies, notably military/veteran afterlives
• Aesthetics of/in international relations
• Creative and innovative methods/pedagogies

Selected Research Publications

• 2021; with Kari M. Osland, ‘UN peace operations in a multipolar order: Building peace through the rule of law and bottom-up approaches.’ Contemporary Security Policy, 42(2), 197-210.
• 2020; ‘The road to Darfur: ethical and practical challenges of embedded research in areas of open conflict’, in Berit Bliesemann de Guevara and Morten Bøås (eds.) Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 185-99.
• Edited volume, 2019; co-edited with Cedric de Coning, United Nations peace operations in a changing global order. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• 2019; with Kari M. Osland, ‘The double proximity paradox in peacebuilding: Implementation and perception of The EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo’. European Security, online first https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2019.1649658
  
• 2017; with Francesco Strazzari, ‘Securitisation of research: Fieldwork under new restrictions in Darfur and Mali’. Third World Quarterly, 38(7), 1531–50.
• 2016; with Francesco Strazzari, ‘Securitisation of research: fieldwork under new restrictions in Darfur and Mali’. Third World Quarterly, published online 21 December 2016, 
• 2016; ‘Legitimnost in relevantnost: Prihodnost mirovnih operacij Organizacije Združenih Narodov’. Teorija in praksa, 53 (3), 676–693. (Legitimacy and relevance: The future of the United Nations peace operations).

Research Interests

• Global governance and international organisations
• Peace operations and peacebuilding
• The politics of international law
• IR theory (critical and constructivist approaches, international political sociology)

Selected Research Publications

• Fothcoming: “Remote Warfare and the Global Order, ” In Oxford Handbook of Remote Warfare (edited by Theo Farrell and Jai Galliott, 2025)
• Forthcoming: “Introducing Security Studies: An Applied Introduction” in Security Studies an Applied Introduction ( edited by Norma Rossi and Malte Riemann)
• 2023: “A True Crime Story: The Role of Space, Time, and Identity in Narrating Criminal Authority.” European Journal of International Security, 2023, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2023.30.
• 2023: ‘Introduction: Political Subjectivity in Times of Crisis’, Globalizations.  (DOI: 10.1080/14747731.2023.218610). Co-authored with Marta Bashovski.
• 2023: Populism without a people: neoliberal populism and the rise of the Italian far right, Journal of Political Ideologies, DOI: 10.1080/13569317.2023.2196241
• 2022: Rossi, Norma. ‘From subject to project: crisis and the transformation of subjectivity in the armed forces’, Globalizations. (DOI: 10.1080/14747731.2022.2104017) ( Co-authored with Malte Riemann)
• 2021: Rossi Norma. ‘The Perils of Public Health based approaches to Conflict Resolution,’ Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice 33(4). (Co-authored with Malte Riemann).

Research Interests

• Political Subjectivity
• The intersection of Violence and Political Authority
• Discourse Analysis and Narratives
• Militarisation, militarism, and exceptionalism
• Critical Pedagogy
• Education, emotions and conflict resolution

Dr Natasha Saunders – Lecturer in International Relations

Selected Research Publications

• 2019; Solidarity at the margins: Arendt, refugees, and the inclusive politics of world-making. Saunders, N. E. G. & Hayden, P., 1 Mar 2019, Arendt on Freedom, Liberation, and Revolution. Hiruta, K. (ed.). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 171-199 (Philosophers in Depth).
• 2018; Beyond asylum claims: refugee protest, responsibility, and Article 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Saunders, N. E. G., 2018, The International Journal of Human Rights. 22, 7, p. 847-868
• 2017; International political theory and the refugee problem. Saunders, N., 24 Nov 2017, London: Routledge. 192 p. (Routledge research on the global politics of migration)
• 2017; The Refugee Olympic Team at Rio 2016: rallying around which flag? Donnelly, F. & Saunders, N. E. G., 10 Mar 2017, Open Democracy.

Research Interests

• Issues of forced migration, human rights, and citizenship
• Conceptualisations of, and questions about, political responsibility, social justice, political subjectivity, and ‘decolonising’ political theory

Selected Research Publications

• 2023: Shwaikh, Malaka and Gould, Rebecca Ruth (2023) Prison Hunger Strikes in Palestine: A Strategic Perspective, International Centre on Nonviolent Conflict, Available to download: https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/prison-hunger-strikes/.
• 2022: Shwaikh, Malaka (2022) “Prison Periods: Bodily Resistance to Gendered Control”, Journal of Feminist Scholarship, Available to download: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jfs/vol20/iss20/3/.
• 2021; Mulubale, Sanny and Shwaikh, Malaka, “Unequal to the Task of Transitional Justice: The Fractured Justice System of the International Criminal Court”, Social and Legal Studies (forthcoming in late 2021)
• 2020; Shwaikh, Malaka and Gould, Rebecca, Prison Hunger Strikes as Civil Resistance: A Global Perspective on Political Resistance in Prisons, Monograph, International Centre on Nonviolent Conflict (forthcoming in December 2020).
• 2020; Shwaikh, Malaka and Gould, Rebecca Ruth, “The Palestine Exception to Academic Freedom: Intertwined Stories from the Frontlines of UK-Based Palestine Activism”, Biograph An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, Hawaii  University Press, (forthcoming in May 2020)
• 2018; Shwaikh, Malaka, “The Dynamics of Prison-Based Hunger Strikes”, Jerusalem Quarterly, pp. 78-90.
• 2016; Shwaikh, Malaka and Martijn, Van Gils, “Fighting without Weapons: Palestinian Documentary Films and Acts of Resistance”, Asian Affairs, 47.3, pp. 443-464.
• 2016; Shwaikh, Malaka, “The Role of International Law in World Politics”, Cambridge International Law Journal, online en€try

Research Interests

• The politics and international relations of the ‘Middle East’
• Peacebuilding from decolonial, critical theoretical and feminist perspectives
• Prison hunger strikes: necropolitics and necroresistance
• Critical approach(es) to (civil) resistance
• Academic freedom

Biography

Ruth leads the University Mediation Service and is an accredited Mediation trainer. Ruth teaches the mediation component on the MLitt/MPhil in Peacebuilding and Mediation.

As well as being a practising mediator, Ruth has recently joined the Board of Directors of Scottish Mediation.

Ruth is also an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and maintains her private practice. Ruth is an assessor with Student Minds Mental Health Charter and has reviewed other related services in her previous role as Deputy Director of Student Services and as Chair of the University Equally Safe and the Mental Health Task Force.

Ruth enjoys researching the skills that comprise mediation; negotiation, communication, interpersonal effectiveness, problem solving, evidence-based wisdom, personal resilience and emotional regulation.

Selected Research Publications 

• 2024; Global Human Rights Institutions (co-authored with Minju Kwon, forthcoming in The Sage Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies) 
• 2020; “Global Emotion Studies in IR: Embracing Non-Western Voices” in Yong-soo Eun eds. Going beyond Parochialism and Fragmentation in the Study of International Relations. Routledge 
• 2019; Can states trust each other? (Review article)” History of European Ideas, Vol. 45, No.4, 603-612, co-authored with Minchul Kim 

Research Interests 

•     The role of emotions and memory in global politics
• The relationship between anger, trauma, and gender-based violence 
•   The politics and international relations of Japan and East Asia